本文为大家介绍的是美国高考与中国高考背景材料的内容，大家可以参考一下，以便帮助大家更加充分地了解这几种考试。
美国高考与中国高考背景材料,美国高考与中国高考
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SAT、ACT、NCEE(美国高考与中国高考背景材料)
The SAT is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States.It was first introduced in 1926, and its name and scoring have changed several times, being originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT Reasoning Test, and now simply the SAT.
The SAT is owned and published by the College Board, a private,nonprofit organization in the United States. It is developed and administered on behalf of the College Board by the Educational Testing Service. The test is intended to assess a student's readiness for college.
The current SAT, introduced in 2005, takes 3 hours and 45 minutes to finish, and as of 2014 costs US$52.50 (up to US$94.50 outside of the United States), excluding late fees.[4] Possible scores on the SAT range from 600 to 2400, combining test results from three 800-point sections: Mathematics,Critical Reading, and Writing. Taking the SAT or its competitor, the ACT, is required for freshman entry to many, but not all, universities in the United States.
On March 5, 2014, the College Board announced that a redesigned version of the SAT would be administered for the first time in 2016. The exam will revert to the 1600-point scale, the essay will be optional, and students will have 3 hours to take the exam plus 50 additional minutes to complete theessay.
The ACT (American College Testing)college readiness assessment is a standardized test for high school achievement and college admissions in the United States produced by ACT, Inc.It was first administered in November 1959 by Everett Franklin Lindquist as a competitor to the College Board's Scholastic Aptitude Test, now the SAT.[12] The ACT originally consisted of four tests: English, Mathematics, Social Studies, and Natural Sciences. In 1989, the Social Studies test was changed into a Reading section (which included a Social Studies subsection) and the Natural Sciences test was renamed the Science Reasoning test, with more emphasis on problem solving skills. In February 2005, an optional Writing test was added to the ACT, mirroring changesto the SAT that took place later in March of the same year. In the spring of 2015, the ACT will start to be offered as a computer-based test that will incorporate some optional Constructed Response Questions; the test content,composite score, and multiple choice format will not be affected by thesechanges. The test will continue to be offered in the paper format for schoolsthat are not ready to transition to computer testing.
The National Higher Education Entrance Examination (also translated as National Matriculation Examination, often abbreviated as NCEE, short for National College Entrance Examination), commonly known as Gaokao (高考), or The Big Test, is an academic examinationheld annually in People's Republic of China. This examination is a prerequisite for entrance into almost all higher education institutions at the undergraduate level. It is usually taken by students in their last year of senior high school, although there has been no age restriction since 2001.
In 2006, a record high of 9.5 millionpeople applied for tertiary education entry in China. Of these, 8.8 million (93%)are scheduled to take the national entrance exam and 27,600 (0.28%) have been exempted from standardized exams (保送) dueto exceptional or special talent. Everyone else (700,000 students) will take other standardized entrance exams, such as those designed for adult education students.
SAT(美国学术能力评估测试，英文全称：Scholastic Assessment Test)是由美国大学委员会(College Board)主办，其成绩是世界各国高中生申请美国大学入学资格及奖学金的重要参考，它与ACT都被称为美国高考。
SAT考试成绩，或和其具有同等效力的ACT考试(American College Test)成绩，在申请美国大部分大学时都是必须提供的。
根据SAT的组织者——美国大学理事会 (College Board)(下称CB)的观点，SAT主要是考察学生们在大学阶段所必需的阅读和写作能力。CB称，SAT会测验学生们将在学校学到的知识付诸实践运用分析、解决问题的能力，而这些知识在大学是至关重要。
SAT考试总时长3小时45分钟(225分钟)，共有批判性阅读(Critical Reading)、数学(Mathematics)和写作(Writing)三个科目。
中国大陆没有考点，而亚洲的香港、澳门、台湾、新加坡、韩国、日本等地都设有考场(除每年3月)，大陆考生可以选择在这些地方进行考试。
(注：由于大陆考生在香港考场的不诚信行为(如跨区即不遵守时间规定、剽窃等)泛滥，香港考场的监考力度急剧增加以至于到了“过严”的地步。2011年10月1日，香港“万人大考场”启用)
ACT(American College Test)考试与SAT考试均被称为“美国高考”(虽然它们的性质与高考略有不同)，它们既是美国大学的入学条件之一，又是大学发放奖学金的主要依据之一及对学生综合能力的测试标准。这个考试也被很多美国大学承认，但其中中部和西部的院校居多。和SAT不同，ACT考试更像一种学科考试，它更强调考生对课程知识的掌握，同时也考虑到了对考生独立思考和判断能力的测试。从难度上看，ACT考试比SAT更容易一些，尤其对中国的考生来说，选择ACT考试可能更容易在短期内获得相对满意的成绩。美国有7个州要求学生必须参加ACT考试，他们是：伊利诺斯州、科罗拉多州、密歇根、肯塔基、怀俄明、田纳西、缅因州。对于SAT，没有任何一个州要求是必须考SAT。”
ACT(American College Test)即美国大学入学考试，是对申请读本科一年级课程的学生进行的入学资格考试，是美国大学本科的入学条件之一，也是奖学金发放的重要依据之一;由ACT公司主办;ACT考试分为四个部分：文章改错(English)，数学(Math)，阅读(Reading)，和科学推理(Science Reasoning);另外，作文为选考。成绩被全美包括哈佛大学等常青藤名校在内的3000多所大学接受为本科入学标准。美国的大学既把ACT视为入学条件，又把它作为发放奖学金的主要依据之一。如今，ACT被全球各国广泛推崇，新加坡等东南亚国家的顶级大学，如新加坡国立大学等高校也承认ACT成绩。
上世纪80年代的高考是千军万马过独木桥，百分之二三的录取率，残酷的拼杀，培养出来的是社会精英。是知识开始流行、国内外各种思想开始活跃的时代，是被人称为“文化复兴”的时代。图书馆里总是座无虚席，各种各样的书籍开始在书店的书架上出现，文学、科学成为社会的热点，知识的流行也引起了人们对高考的重视。当时价值取向很单一，出路也很窄，就是以能不能考上大学为标准。考上大学就成为天之骄子、社会栋梁。当时没有扩招，录取率极低，千万考生的眼睛都盯着全国有限的大学资源和有限的学习名额，用“千军万马齐挤独木桥”来形容上世纪80年代的高考考生，毫不过分。
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